The Physics of Firearms - 1626 Words

Firearms are often featured on the news due to poor use as well as featured in popular culture’s television crime dramas, but have you stopped to ponder about where these devices came from, the different types, the trajectory patterns that are created their bullets and how they work? The following paragraphs are designed to address all of the following questions. A firearm is a complex arrangement of various metals that can eject a small lead piece at high speeds, causing maximum destruction on the target with minimum energy delivery on the shooter themselves. (Definition of a Gun, n.d.) The mechanics of shooting any type of firearm; weather it be a rifle, shotgun, or pistol, includes a wide variety of physics topics working together to make the bullet hit its target including friction, force, conservation of momentum, transfer of energy, heat engines, and projectile motion. (The Physics of Shooting a Gun, n.d.) History Of Firearms The history of firearms begins in China in the ninth century where, huo yao, the world’s first gun powder was discovered; it was created by mixing charcoal, potassium nitrate and sulphur into a fine powder. Historians are prone to recognizing tenth century Chinese fire lances, a spear-like weapon combining a bamboo tube containing huo yao and projectiles tied to a Chinese spear as the first firearm. In the year 1320, Gun powder was developed into a specific formula, 15% charcoal, 75% potassium nitrate and 10% sulphur. It was developed for theShow MoreRelated Physics of Firearms Essay620 Words   |  3 Pagesactivity and it is enjoyed by many people, so much so that it is also done at a competitive level. Although many people may have shot a firearm of some sort, few of those people actually realize how much physics is involved with the shot. So what exactly is Ballistics? Ballistics is the science or study of the motion of projectiles and in the case of most firearms, these projectiles are the bullets. There are two things that affect the flight of a bullet once it has been shot out of the gun. TheseRead More Physics of Firearms Essay1363 Words   |  6 PagesA firearm, in the most basic form, consists of a barrel, an action, a firing mechanism, a stock and a sighting device. No matter the form of the firearm, the same basic principles of physics and chemistry apply. The study of these principles is called ballistics. There are three types of ballistics, internal, external, and terminal. Internal ballistics is the study of the flight of a projectile inside a firearm. External ballistics is the study of the flight of a bullet after leaving the muzzle andRead MoreThe Field Of The Military Field1313 Words   |  6 Pagesgreat deal of discipline in order to be successful. One has to endure arguably the hardest schooling out of any major, which includes juggling years of higher level of mathematics and its applications with several rigorous scientific classes such as physics, thermodynamics, and chemistry. One has to discipline oneself especially with time management and sharpness to be able to meet the demand placed on them to graduate. Simply said, one cannot slack even slightly in the engineering field otherwise heRead MoreCryogenics Essay835 Words   |  4 PagesIn Physics, Cryogenics is the study of the Production of Very Low Temperature (Below −150  °C, −238  °F or 123 K) and the Behavior of Materials at those Temperatures. A person who studies Elements under Extremely Cold Temperature is called a Cryogenicist. Rather than the Relative Temperature Scales of Celsius and Fahrenheit, Cryogenicists use the Absolute Temperature Scales. These are Kelvin (SI units) or Rankine scale (Imperial US units). Cryogenics: The Branches of Physics and Engineering thatRead MoreThe On The Sandy Hook Shooting1464 Words   |  6 PagesOn December 14th, 2012, Adam Lanza entered Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut and shot and killed 20 children and 6 adult staff members. I remember sitting in my physics class when my phone buzzed and I received an alert from CNN about the tragic event. Newtown only being about 30 minutes away from where I live, affected my city greatly. The rest of the school year every elementary school in my district had a police officer stationed in front of it and my high school’s securityRead MoreThe Toulmin Model Of Argument 11533 Words   |  7 Pagesrelating to laws and policies that restrict the sale and use of firearms.) Claim of Definition: Laws governing the sale of firearms such as assault weapons and handguns do not constitute an infringement on our right to bear arms. (This speech/essay will focus on the Bill of Rights and its clause about the right to bear arms. It will argue for a particular definition that excludes the writing of laws that relate to ownership of firearms.) Claim of Cause: Tougher laws governing the sale of handgunsRead MoreForensic Science : A Forensic Scientist1546 Words   |  7 Pagesforensic scientist means that there is a high level of standard, considering that it will require a person to work with evidence and dead bodies. As for an academic point of view it would a necessity to have background knowledge in biology, chemistry or physics. The skills required of a forensic scientist are separated into three main components CSI (Crime Scene Investigation) skills, Laboratory skills and Communication skills. [10] Working on the field requires a methodical approach, strict protocol thatRead MoreThe Use Of Primitive Tasers On The United States Of America1279 Words   |  6 Pagesthan a stoppable force. The inventor of the first primitive TASER was Jack Cover. Jack was born on April sixth 1920 in New York. He later moved to Chicago with his family. He attended the University of Chicago where he earned a degree in nuclear physics. He became an Air Force test pilot in world war two and afterwards he worked at NASA as an aerospace engineer and worked on the Apollo missions. He died of pneumonia at the age of 88 on February 7th 2009. Also 1960s, the United States of America facedRead MoreThe Renaissance Essay758 Words   |  4 Pagesincluded the solution of cubic equations and the innovative astronomy of Nicolaus Copernicus, Tycho Brahe, and Johannes Kepler. By the end of the 16th century, Galileo had taken the crucial step of applying mathematical models to the subject matter of physics. Geography was transformed by new empirical knowledge derived from explorations beyond Europe and from the first translations of the ancient works of Ptolemy and Strabo. In the field of technology, the invention of printing in the 15th century beganRead MoreForensic Ballistics3483 Words   |  14 PagesEnglishman convicted of murder based on the torn edge of a wad of newspaper in a pistol that matched a piece remaining in his pocket. Throughout the nineteenth century, many developments took place. Ballistics is the study of the functioning of firearms, the flight of the bullet and the effects of different types of ammunition. Ballistics in crime investigation was first formally established in 1923 when Charles Waite and Philip Garavell set up the Bureau of Forensic Ballistics (BFB). Later, Colonel

Impact of Social Networking Sites on the Youth of India Free Essays

string(33) " see their personal information\." IMPACT OF SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES(SNS) ON THE YOUTH OF INDIA : A BIRD’S EYE VIEW. Ruchi Sachdev College of Management Studies Kanpur (UP) India Abstract-This paper is focused to find out the answer whether the social networking sites are boon or bane for today’s society. No doubt these SNS provides employment ,marketing ,personal growth ,sharing of information but the most prevalent danger through often involves online predators or individuals. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Social Networking Sites on the Youth of India or any similar topic only for you Order Now These SNS has great impact on youth of India. One can easily see the entry gate of these social networking sites but it is unable to find exit for these SNS. One side these sites provide to communicate with our dear ones on the other side it creates platform for many cyber crimes. Everyone should be understood that The SNS is a â€Å"child of† computing â€Å"by computing† but† for the society â€Å". So we focused on the fact that how SNS are implementing and used in an effective manner that is also beneficial for Indian society and what are the role of Indian youth . In this paper we focused on the positive as well as negative impact of these social networking sites on the Indian youth and what are the ethical responsibilities of the users of these sites. Keywords-IEEE standards ,internet,WI-FI, elecommunication, , online ownership, online credibility. SNS(Social networking sites) are connected, both in their leisure time, and at work. There are various factors which have prompted us to consider the implications of these technologies for policy-making. One of these is the willingness of users to embrace SNS as a means of communication and social networking in everyday life. The increasing dependence on technology for basic communication also highlights the importance of analyzing how SNS are affecting daily processes. Sites like Face book, Friend ster and LinkedIn are influencing the way users establish, maintain and cultivate a range of social relationships, from close friendships to casual acquaintances. II CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES The basic characteristics of social networking sites can be explained with the help of following table-1 FEATURES Presentation of oneself DESCRIPTION The basic level of entry in most SNS is the setting up of a ‘profile’: a personalized page developed by the user in which he/she presents him/herself to peers, through text, photos music and videos amongst others Functionalities. SNS allow users to mobilize and organize their social contacts and profiles in the way they want other members to see them. I INTRODUCTTON Social networking phenomenon has emerged over the past ten years. In that time, social networking sites (SNS) have grown from a niche to a mass online activity, in which tens of millions of internet users are engaged, both in their leisure time, and at work. However, there has been very little research on the socio-economic impact of these sites in the Indian context. In this paper we focused on the impact of these social networking sites on the youth of India in both positive as well as negative phase. Social networking is a phenomenon which has existed since society began. Human beings have always sought to live in social environments. The proliferation of social networking sites (SNS) and their pervasion in everyday practices is affecting how modern Indian youth societies manage their social networks. To a significant extent, SNS have shifted social networking to the Internet. In less than five years, these sites have grown from a niche online activity into a phenomenon through which tens of millions of internet users Externalization of data The externalization of networks is possibly one of the first times online users have been able to view their own online social networks, and share them with friends and the general public. Some SNS also support applications which allow users to describe the relation between themselves and other members. Though notions of virtual communities have existed since the beginning of online applications, SNS support new ways for people to connect between themselves. Users of these sites may choose to communicate through various digital objects, such as tags and in-built applications within the SNS, such as the ‘visual shelf’ application in Facebook. Users may join a community of book readers, connecting through books they have liked [4]. New ways for community formation Bottom-up activities SNS provide the ideal platforms through which users with similar values and interests can come together to collaborate effectively and cheaply. For instance, doctors can share and double check rare medical cases on health SNS such as Within3, or activists can organize a protest through sites like Care2 [5]. A major attribute of SNS’ popularity is their simplicity. Anyone with basic internet skills can create and manage an online SNS presence. Prior to SNS, users gained an online presence by having a personal homepage [6]. The drawbacks were that these homepages are not easy to create and development and hosting of the site often incur costs. In contrast, SNS are free of charge and open for anyone to join. Most of them require registration, while others limit membership through an invitation from members who are already members of the site. SNS support new points of entry to the internet: people’s personal worlds. Until recently, people spoke of the internet in metaphors of places (cities, addresses, and homepages). Ease of use Figure 1: Graph 1[2] (a) Negative Impact of SNS on Youth of India Reorganization of Internet geography Table 1[5]: Taking all these characteristics together, we can observe significant changes in how users network and operate their social contacts according to different social environments. In particular, SNS seem to be influencing and shaping the way we communicate between ourselves and how we manage our social contacts. In considering the disadvantages, respondents identified a number of negative aspects of online social networking including: (i) the time-consuming nature of online social networking sites, Indian youth admitting that they waste a lot of time on these sites. (ii) Concern about access to personal information by others, with almost half of the youth worried that â€Å"non friends? may see their personal information. You read "Impact of Social Networking Sites on the Youth of India" in category "Papers" (iii) Concern that information posted may be used against them. The waste timing percentage of Indian youth on SNS can be explained with the graph shown it figure 2. III SOCIAL IMPACT OF SNS ON INDIAN YOUTH There has been significant interest and concern about the risks of online social networking because of access to personal information and the anonymity that the system allows. A number of public cases of bullying and identity theft have put this issue in the public arena. In the survey participants were asked whether they have ever had a bad social networking experience. A considerable number of respondents in a survey (28%) reported having had a negative online experience with adults aged below 30 the most likely to export this (60%). These participants were asked to provide further information about the negative experience. For most respondents the experience reflected unwanted contact or people posting in appropriate or upsetting information online. Some respondents specified having online bullying and provided examples such as abusive messages and harassment from someone of the opposite sex. The number of users using SNS according to age group can be explained with the help of the graph shown it figure 1. Figure 2: Graph 2[3] b) Other Negative Impacts Of Sns The negative effects of a new technology are never fully visible in the initial stages due the hype and excitement involved. However with time we observe the more time we spend online the more connected we get hence the urge to not miss out on anything this induces an invisible layer of stress and pressure on the individuals. The very fabric of our societies is now beginning to take a new shape. scientist has warned. Sites such as Face book, Twitter and Beb o are said to shorten attention spans, encourage instant gratification and make young people more self-centered. i) My fear is that these technologies are infantilizing the brain into the state of small children who are attracted by buzzing noises and bright lights, which have a small attention Span and who live for the moment. (ii) A 2010 Case Western Reserve School of Medicine study showed hyper-networking (more than three hours on social networks per day) and hyper texting (more than 120 text messages per day) correlated with unhealthy behaviors in teens, including drinking, smoking and sexual activity. Hyper-networking was also associated with depression, substance abuse, poor sleep patterns, suicide and poor academic performance [4]. (iii) While the above studies show actual correlations between social networking and negative consequences, others argue that many other negative consequences may exist that have not yet been studied. Some of the harmful effects people suggest social networking has that have not yet yielded conclusive study results include: can also be positives. I guess there are no hard and fast rules when it comes to the effect social networks are having on us all in this day and age. It has never been easier to make friends than it is right now, mainly thanks to social networking sites. Just a few decades ago it was pretty tough to connect with people, unless you were the overly outgoing type able to make conversation with anyone at a party. The rise of mobile phones helped change this, connecting people in a new way, but then social networks sprang up and the whole idea of friendship changed once more and forever. It’s entirely possible to have hundreds of friends on Face book. They may not be friends you know on a personal level and spend time with in the real world on a weekly basis. But they’re friends nevertheless [7]. There are several people I consider friends who I have never met – indeed, I may never meet them – but that doesn’t lessen the connection we have thanks to social networks. Other major positive impacts are given as(d) Speedy Communication: Our time is being stretched thinner and thinner by work and family commitments, but social networking sites offer a chance to communicate in a speedy and efficient manner. Writing an update (i) Social networking websites are causing alarming changes in the brains of young users, an eminent (ii) Encouraging poor grammar, usage, and spelling Allowing the spread of misinformation that may be perceived as fact even in light of evidence to the contrary. †¢ Exposing children to online predators †¢ Creating a culture in which a single mistake such as a racy picture or poorly thought-out comment can cause irreparable harm to your reputation †¢ Decreasing productivity as workers habitually check social networking sites while they should be working. Providing information that increases the risk of identity theft. (c) Positive Impact of Social Networking Sites Social networking isn’t for everyone, but it’s now such a massive part of all our lives, whether we embrace or reject the notion, that it can no longer be ignored. But are social networking sites such as Face book, Twitter, and Google+ a force for good or evil? As with most ques tions there are multiple angles to approach this quandary from. Having already looked at the negative impact of social networking sites on society, I thought it only fair to redress the balance. Every ying has its yang, after all. Using the previous article as a loose template it’s clear to see that what some people would conceive as negatives for Twitter takes all of 20 seconds and with cross-posting over other social networks switched on, that update reaches everyone you want it to reach (and probably more besides) in an instant[5] . Social networking sites allow you to live a life unhindered by small talk. e) In Touch with the world: It isn’t just your inner circle of close friends and even closer family members that social networking sites allow you to communicate with easily and effectively, either. They open the world up to you, making it a smaller place than it has ever been before. So much so that I actually haven’t a clue where many of my contacts reside. When it comes to social networks everyone is equal, regardless of location. Family living abroad can be kept abreast of the latest happenings in your world as quickly as those living next door. Friends who you haven’t seen since school, and who have since moved away, are able to keep in touch. Location-based services such as Foursquare and Gowalla emphasize your location but social networking as a whole means it has become a lot less important. Social networking sites have made the world a smaller place. (f) Building Relationships: There is no doubting that social networking sites can lead to the breaking up of relationships. But there is another side to the tale, which is that people are moving onto other, perhaps better, relationships at the same time. Social networks can put you (back) in touch with those you have lots in common with, and that common ground is often the starting point for longlasting relationships. (f) Promises of Ownership and Authorship Online. (g) Maintain Credibility. So the youth of Indian can play an important role to reduce the negative impact of social networking sites sucha that it can be used in the beneficial way. V CONCLUSION IV ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITY OF YOUTH USING SNS The new digital social networking media are a frontier that is rich with opportunities and risks, particularly for young people. Through SNS technologies, young people are participating in a range of activities, including social networking, blogging, vlogging, gaming, instant messaging, downloading music and other content, uploading and sharing their own creations, and collaborating with others in various ways. Five key issues are at stake in the new social networking media identity, privacy, ownership and authorship, credibility, and participation [8]. These issues decide the social and ethical responsibilities of the youth that using the services of social networking sites. a) Every person that using the SNS should be aware about their rights and moral responsibilities. (b) We should respect the authentication and privacy of those members that are using SNS. (c ) We should follow the ethics of online identity. (d) Create culture of disclosure. (e) Online, a number of strategies—including privacy settings, selective disclosure, code switching, and deception are used by youth to control the presentation of their identities and thereby manage their privacy. Most social networking sites have privacy settings that allow users o limit access to their profiles to a narrow audience of confirmed friends, and evidence suggests that many young people use them. (e) The online culture of disclosure holds important promises for young people, including empowerment of themselves and others, the creation of communities of support around shared struggles, and the development of a broad ethical sense of responsibility with respect to privacy. No doubt that SNS has great impact on the Indian youth it has lot of challenges which we have to face . There are many questions arise when we think about the impact of these SNS that What does it mean to manage online privacy in an ethical manner? How do online spaces facilitate and undermine ethical thinking about privacy? How much personal information is reasonable to share online? Young people who share personal experiences online taking steps to protect their own and others’ identities, and are these steps sufficient? Is it reasonable for young people to expect a certain measure of privacy when it comes to their online lives? Who is at fault when an unintended audience can read a young person’s revealing blog or MySpace page? So we should focus on the ethical use of these SNS so that it serves our society in a right way and the youth can play an important role because SNS is a boob and curse both for the Indian society . In one hand it provides away to connect our dear ones on the other side it gives a platform that become danger for Indian heritage and culture. REFERENCES [1] Introduction to SNS technology, Retrieved on September 24, 2006 From www. wi-fitechnology. om [2] Consumer Reports (2010). Social insecurity: What millions of online users don’t know can hurt them. Retrieved from http://www. consumerreports. org/cro/magazinearchive/2010/june/elec tronics-computers/social-insecurity/overview/index. htm [3] Nie, N. H. Hillygus, D. S. (2002). The impact of internet use on sociability: Time-diary findings. IT Society, 1, 1 – 20. [4] IEEE 802. 16 and WiMAX: Social networking sites Access for Everyone, Intel Corporation, 2003. http://www. intel. com/ebusiness/pdf/SNS/intel/80216_wimax. df [5] The Role of Technology in Telecom Expansion in India†, IEEE Communication Magazine, Vol. 36, No. 11, pp 88-94, November, 1998. [6] Bender off, E. 2007. â€Å"Cheating a Real Problem in youth’s Virtual World. † Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 1, 2008, from http://www. chicagotribun e. com/business/chi-0703080167mar08,0, 4256114story? cull=chi-bizfont-hed. [7] Of com. (2008). Social networking: A quantitative and qualitative research report into attitudes, behaviors and use. Retrieved from http://stakeholders. ofcom. org. uk/binaries/research/medialiteracy/report1. pdf How to cite Impact of Social Networking Sites on the Youth of India, Papers

Economic Activities Gross Domestic Product

Question: Discuss about the Economic Activities for Gross Domestic Product. Answer: Introduction Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the market value of every economic activities of a country. Non-market services as well as the attributed rents are measured by the GDP. However, it does not include voluntary activities such as the unpaid housework. In the year 2015, GDP in Japan was worth 4124 billion US dollars. In Japan the value of GDP represents 7 percent of the total economy. As per the records, the real GDP in the first quarter of 2016 was 0.5 percent quarter on quarter. It was somewhat faster than the approximate of 0.4 percent in the first preliminary approximate. The first preliminary approximate was published in the month of May (Lockwood, 2015). In the year 2012, the industry sector contributed 27.5 percent of the GDP in Japan. The major industries in Japan are motor vehicles, machine tools, ships, textiles, electronic equipment, steel and processed foods. The automobile industry in Japan produces the second largest amount of vehicles in the world after China. Although, China produces the largest amount of vehicles, Japan remains technologically advanced automobile industry in the world. In the world, Japan is home to six of the top twenty major vehicle companies. In the year 2009, the automobile industry managed to record an enormous 10.5 percent growth in spite of the worldwide financial crisis (Wilks Wright, 2016). Economic System Japan has developed worldwide free market economy. Free market economy is very competitive. In such economy system, business organizations competes with each other in order to gain profit. In the year 2012, the economy in Japan was the third largest in the world. In the late 19th century, Japan was the only economy to be industrialized alongside the Western counterparts. However, as compared to other advanced countries, the sluggishness of the economy of Japan is prominent (Gilpin, 2016). The economy of Japan has been suffering from low levels of GDP as well as the falling in the price levels. Aging population is considered as one of the major factors that caused deflation in Japan. Weak demand is also considered as one of the major factor for long-term deflation. The probable growth ability of the economy of Japan faces a higher obstacle in population ageing and declining rate of birth (Knox et al., 2014). However, Japan has made some structural reform in all the areas of the economy. The coordination of the economic decision includes giving main concern to networking in order to enhance a system of cooperation. This will help the elderly people and the youth to grow together in pursuit of a country with less inequality related economic distortion. This will in turn lead to growth, as the skilled human resources will be nurtured. Japan will require expanding the international flow of people, commodities and information in order to continue the self-motivated growth (Sugimoto, 2014). The economic questions that can be addressed in the case of Japan are as follows: 1. Why the economy of Japan has lost its strength? 2. Why deflation has continued for a longer period in Japan? The first question has been addressed because Japan has witnessed a huge loss in productivity. The main reason for the decrease in productivity is the aging of the population. The aging of population led to the decrease in both the level of investment and consumption. The second question has been addressed because the economy of Japan is suffering from the prolonged deflation. The greatest cause of the deflation is lack in demand. Deflation has also lowered the nominal GDP, thereby increasing the debt ratio and intimidating the fiscal sustainability (Nishizaki et al. 2014). In the first quarter of 2016, the economy of Japan grew at an annualized rate of 1.7 percent. As a result, the economy has been able to avoid technical recession due to the increase in GDP. The anticipated rate of growth suggested that the economy of Japan had managed to shake off the consequences of a slowdown in China. In order to overcome the effects of the aging population, it is very important to increase the participation of labor force. Japan should make the most of the human resources to increase productivity. This is mainly because the working-age population is expected to fall by the year 2050. Educational reforms are very important to increase the productivity in Japan. This will help to improve the tax and the social security systems (Cummings, 2014). Income Equality / Inequality Japan has one of the largest degrees of income equality as compared to any other industrialized countries on the world. The relative identical distribution of income in Japan has been accredited to a number of factors. The factors include the low rates of rural poverty that is caused by land reform as well as industrial decentralization (Lise et al. 2014). However, due to some recent changes there has been unequal distribution of income in Japan. As recorded, the wealth in Japan as well as the income that it produces is much less evenly distributed than the total income. The appreciation in the stock market and the prices of the property in Tokyo led to the degree of inequality in income and wealth in Japan. The exclusion of the capital profits from reported income and the imperfect coverage of the population are the major determinants that led to the unequal distribution of income. The consciousness of rising income gap is increasing in Japan as it is turning into a society of discrepancy (Wang Kutan, 2013). The increasing inequality in income had commenced since 1980s. It shows that since 1980s there has been an increase in the Gini Coefficient that is considered as a measure of income inequality. The Lorenz Curve mainly defines the Gini Coefficient. Figure: Lorenz Curve (Source: Created By Author) If the area between the line of Lorenz Curve and perfect distribution is A and the surface below the Lorenz Curve is B, in that case the Gini Coefficient is A / A+B. The increase in the Gini Coefficient showed that Japan is no longer an equal society. As per the reports, the income inequality in Japan had exceeded the income inequality in U.S. The result has been found with the help of Gini Coefficient that analyzed the total household instead of a specific age group (Oshio Urakawa, 2014). The major causes for the increase in the inequality in income and wealth are the changes in the earnings, the structure of households as well as taxes and social protection in Japan. The aging of the population is also considered as one of the major cause for the increasing inequality. In addition, globalizations as well as changes in technology are also taken into consideration (Yitzhaki Schechtman, 2013). The aging of population became the chief reason for the increasing inequality in Japan. It contributed to 24 percent of the increasing inequality in Japan. The increase in inequality was largely common within the age group of fifty-five to sixty-four. According to a survey conducted by the Ministry of Health, it was found that the aging of population led to 64 percent increase in the Gini Coefficient. The aging of the population along with the declining rate of birth and decrease in population led to the increasing income inequality (Sadana et al., 2016). Another important factor that contributed to the increasing Gini Coefficient is the change in the structure of households. The main cause for the increase in income inequality is the increase in the aged households as well as the decline in the size of households. It has been found that more than half of the aged population is single household. Externalities and Market Failure The kind of externality that moved the economy from one equilibrium to another was complexity externality. It moved the economy of Japan from the equilibrium where both the economic growth and prices of asset were high to an economy where both are low. A complexity externality takes place when the worsening of balance sheets is caused by the devaluation of the bubble. This in turn resulted in incompetent performance of the economy. A complexity externality is caused by the organization failure in the network of the division of labor. The complexity externality forms a vicious circle that traps the economy into a sluggish equilibrium (Menell Meurer, 2013). The externality will also lead to the failure of the market in Japan, as the price equilibrium is not able to reflect the true costs and benefits of manufactured goods. The complexity externality is mainly categorized under negative externality. This will in turn lead to lower production and equilibrium that is more efficient (Mariappanadar, 2012). Japan faced a management failure that is mainly concerned with the organization choice of whether or not to make relation-specific investment (c). However, if all the organization decides to implement relation-specific investment, then the net output that will be obtained is pyh c. As a result, the economy accomplishes optimum. On the other hand, if one organization (i) in Japan anticipates that, another organization (j) in the similar network will not implement the investment; in that case the best step will be not to make an investment. The organization (j) will produce only yl; hence, organization (i) will be able to obtain only pyl c by making an investment. Complexity Externality = p (yh yl) c The growing complexity externality raises the difficulties in making certain the stable economic development. Complexity externality also affected the sustainable development of the society. This in turn led the intervention of the government to influence the economic subsystem of the society in a significant way. The environment of a number of smaller agents changed due to the intervention of the government. The intervention of government stabilized the price and led to the development of the economy (Battiston, 2013). Conclusion It has been concluded that The appreciation in the stock market and the prices of the property in Tokyo led to the degree of inequality in income and wealth in Japan. Aging population is considered as one of the major factors that caused deflation in Japan. The degree of income inequality among the senior age groups has broadened to a great extent. Japan has made some structural improvement in all the areas of the economy. The organization of the economic decision includes giving main concern to networking in order to enhance a system of cooperation. In the near future, the demographics are likely to change due to ageing of population. By the year 2060, the ratio will be 1.19 employees per senior. As a result, this will put burden on the young generation. The wage ratios are also likely to be reduced and this will in turn lead to increase in unemployment. The companies in Japan are likely to compete against the worldwide market and as a result they are trying to decrease the type of social network and social security net. References Battiston, S. (2013). DebtRank Analysis of Japanese Credit Network. Cummings, W. K. (2014).Education and equality in Japan. Princeton University Press. Gilpin, R. (2016).The political economy of international relations. Princeton University Press. Knox, P., Agnew, J. A., McCarthy, L. (2014).The geography of the world economy. Routledge. Lise, J., Sudo, N., Suzuki, M., Yamada, K., Yamada, T. (2014). Wage, income and consumption inequality in Japan, 19812008: from boom to lost decades.Review of Economic Dynamics,17(4), 582-612. Lockwood, W. W. (2015).Economic development of Japan. Princeton University Press. Mariappanadar, S. (2012). The harm indicators of negative externality of efficiency focused organizational practices.International Journal of Social Economics,39(3), 209-220. Menell, P. S., Meurer, M. J. (2013). Notice Failure and Notice Externalities.Journal of Legal Analysis, las019. Nishizaki, K., Sekine, T., Ueno, Y. (2014). Chronic deflation in Japan.Asian Economic Policy Review,9(1), 20-39. Oshio, T., Urakawa, K. (2014). The association between perceived income inequality and subjective well-being: Evidence from a social survey in Japan.Social Indicators Research,116(3), 755-770. Sadana, R., Blas, E., Budhwani, S., Koller, T., Paraje, G. (2016). Healthy Ageing: Raising Awareness of Inequalities, Determinants, and What Could Be Done to Improve Health Equity.The Gerontologist,56(Suppl 2), S178-S193. Sugimoto, Y. (2014).An introduction to Japanese society. Cambridge University Press. Wang, L., Kutan, A. M. (2013). The impact of natural disasters on stock markets: Evidence from Japan and the US.Comparative Economic Studies,55(4), 672-686. Wilks, S., Wright, M. (Eds.). (2016).The promotion and regulation of industry in Japan. Springer. Yitzhaki, S., Schechtman, E. (2013). Social Welfare, Relative Deprivation, and the Gini Coefficient. InThe Gini Methodology(pp. 253-273). Springer New York